Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 10/11. The attempted coup of July 20, 1944 [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (80 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)

Catégories :	356 / 359 Forces armées Défense 356(430) Wehrmacht 929 Stauffenberg, Claus von (1907-1944) 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne 94(430)"1939/45" Attentat contre Hitler
Index. décimale :	940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration
Résumé :	Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu :	An immediate end to the war and the National Socialists’ war crimes and crimes of violence were the main aims of the attempted coup. Hitler’s opponents hoped they would be able to reconcile the people of Europe and lay the foundations for a new order of peace, with Germany as part of it. By assassinating Hitler, the regime opponents hoped to prevent a military defeat and a national disaster for the German Reich. Doing so would also give a visible symbol of an “other Germany.” However, since early 1943 the Allies had insisted on unconditional surrender, which limited the options open to the German opposition. Hitler’s opponents had to reach compromises on their different ideas for foreign and domestic policy. They had to agree on issues of administrative organization, the structure of the top Wehrmacht ranks, and basic directions in social, cultural, economic, and foreign policy, as well as on the composition of the new government after the Nazi regime. A key factor for all opponents of National Socialism was restoring the rule of law and ending state despotism. That was the only way to ensure intellectual and political freedom and human rights. The National Socialist war criminals and perpetrators of crimes of violence were therefore to be held to account under due process of law. The conspirators made use of the secret “Valkyrie” plans, which had been developed in the Army High Command to put down uprisings by forced laborers and domestic unrest. With the aid of these commands, they hoped to gain control of the military districts after Hitler’s assassination and prevent counteractions. Friedrich Olbricht and Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim initiated Operation “Valkyrie” at around 4 p.m. on July 20, 1944. After landing in Berlin, Stauffenberg tried desperately to gain support for the coup from other officers, along with Mertz and Olbricht. In Berlin and the surrounding area, the first military units began marching on the government quarter on the orders of the Berlin city commandant Paul von Hase. Soon, however, National Socialist officers grew suspicious. Operation “Valkyrie” could not be carried out as planned in Berlin. Moreover, most of the military district command offices received the conspirators’ orders with some delay, at the same time as opposing commands from the “Führer Headquarters.” Because the conspirators did not gain access to radio stations, they could not appeal to the civilian population. In Paris, they managed to disempower the Gestapo and SS for several hours. Telexes arriving from the “Führer Headquarters” in East Prussia at the same time as the “Valkyrie” orders confused conditions. In the early hours of the evening, the situation also turned for the worse in Vienna, Prague, and Kassel, where some of the “Valkyrie” orders had been followed. Late in the evening of July 20, 1944, the conspirators realized that the coup had failed. Shortly before midnight, Colonel General Friedrich Fromm gave orders to shoot the conspirators dead. Biographies Ludwig Beck Robert Bernardis Werner von Haeften Ludwig Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord Paul von Hase Erich Hoepner Cäsar von Hofacker Franz Jacob Fritz Jaeger Julius Leber Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim Hans Ulrich von Oertzen Friedrich Olbricht Margarethe von Oven Adolf Reichwein Anton Saefkow Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel Henning von Tresckow Erwin von Witzleben Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg
En ligne :	https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/
Format de la ressource électronique :	lien vers le site internet
Permalink :	https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di

Titre de série :	Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 10/11
Titre :	The attempted coup of July 20, 1944
Type de document :	texte imprimé
Editeur :	German Resistance Memorial Center
Année de publication :	2015
Autre Editeur :	Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand
Importance :	1 vol. (80 p.)
Présentation :	ill.
Format :	24 cm
Langues :	Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories :	356 / 359 Forces armées Défense 356(430) Wehrmacht 929 Stauffenberg, Claus von (1907-1944) 94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne 94(430)"1939/45" Attentat contre Hitler
Index. décimale :	940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration
Résumé :	Site éditeur As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu :	An immediate end to the war and the National Socialists’ war crimes and crimes of violence were the main aims of the attempted coup. Hitler’s opponents hoped they would be able to reconcile the people of Europe and lay the foundations for a new order of peace, with Germany as part of it. By assassinating Hitler, the regime opponents hoped to prevent a military defeat and a national disaster for the German Reich. Doing so would also give a visible symbol of an “other Germany.” However, since early 1943 the Allies had insisted on unconditional surrender, which limited the options open to the German opposition. Hitler’s opponents had to reach compromises on their different ideas for foreign and domestic policy. They had to agree on issues of administrative organization, the structure of the top Wehrmacht ranks, and basic directions in social, cultural, economic, and foreign policy, as well as on the composition of the new government after the Nazi regime. A key factor for all opponents of National Socialism was restoring the rule of law and ending state despotism. That was the only way to ensure intellectual and political freedom and human rights. The National Socialist war criminals and perpetrators of crimes of violence were therefore to be held to account under due process of law. The conspirators made use of the secret “Valkyrie” plans, which had been developed in the Army High Command to put down uprisings by forced laborers and domestic unrest. With the aid of these commands, they hoped to gain control of the military districts after Hitler’s assassination and prevent counteractions. Friedrich Olbricht and Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim initiated Operation “Valkyrie” at around 4 p.m. on July 20, 1944. After landing in Berlin, Stauffenberg tried desperately to gain support for the coup from other officers, along with Mertz and Olbricht. In Berlin and the surrounding area, the first military units began marching on the government quarter on the orders of the Berlin city commandant Paul von Hase. Soon, however, National Socialist officers grew suspicious. Operation “Valkyrie” could not be carried out as planned in Berlin. Moreover, most of the military district command offices received the conspirators’ orders with some delay, at the same time as opposing commands from the “Führer Headquarters.” Because the conspirators did not gain access to radio stations, they could not appeal to the civilian population. In Paris, they managed to disempower the Gestapo and SS for several hours. Telexes arriving from the “Führer Headquarters” in East Prussia at the same time as the “Valkyrie” orders confused conditions. In the early hours of the evening, the situation also turned for the worse in Vienna, Prague, and Kassel, where some of the “Valkyrie” orders had been followed. Late in the evening of July 20, 1944, the conspirators realized that the coup had failed. Shortly before midnight, Colonel General Friedrich Fromm gave orders to shoot the conspirators dead. Biographies Ludwig Beck Robert Bernardis Werner von Haeften Ludwig Freiherr von Hammerstein-Equord Paul von Hase Erich Hoepner Cäsar von Hofacker Franz Jacob Fritz Jaeger Julius Leber Albrecht Ritter Mertz von Quirnheim Hans Ulrich von Oertzen Friedrich Olbricht Margarethe von Oven Adolf Reichwein Anton Saefkow Ulrich-Wilhelm Graf von Schwerin von Schwanenfeld Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg Carl Heinrich von Stülpnagel Henning von Tresckow Erwin von Witzleben Peter Graf Yorck von Wartenburg
En ligne :	https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/
Format de la ressource électronique :	lien vers le site internet
Permalink :	https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di