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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 14. The red orchestra [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (70 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories : 94(100)"1939/45" Orchestre Rouge
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : In the mid-1930s, circles of friendship, discussion, and learning formed in Berlin around Arvid Harnack, a senior executive officer in the Reich Ministry of Economics, and his wife Mildred, along with the Reich Ministry of Aviation employee Harro Schulze-Boysen and his wife Libertas. Through personal contacts, a loose network of seven Berlin resistance circles came into being in 1940/41. They united more than 150 opponents of National Socialism from very different social origins and ideological traditions: students, artists, journalists, and civil servants, many of them women.
Their fight against National Socialism took many forms. They discussed political and artistic issues, helped persecuted people, and documented the National Socialists’ crimes of violence. Beyond their private circles, they appealed to the public by distributing leaflets and fly-posting notes. They also made contact with like-minded people in other parts of Germany.
In 1940/41, Harnack and Schulze-Boysen also passed on intelligence of military importance to the Soviet Union. Above all, however, the group intensified its political education work by distributing leaflets and letters.
In the summer of 1942, the Gestapo discovered the resistance organization formed around Harnack and Schulze-Boysen and investigated them under the collective name of “Red Orchestra.” They discredited the resistance group as a Soviet espionage organization, and the members were tried for “treason.” The Reich Court Martial passed the first death sentences at the end of 1942; in total, more than fifty members of the Red Orchestra were murdered.
Biographies
Liane Berkowitz
Cato Bontjes van Beek
Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff
Eva-Maria Buch
Hans Coppi
Hilde Coppi
John Graudenz
Wilhelm Guddorf
Arvid Harnack
Mildred Harnack
Adam Kuckhoff
Greta Kuckhoff
Harro Schulze-Boysen
Libertas Schulze-Boysen
Elisabeth Schumacher
Kurt Schumacher
John Sieg
Maria TerwielEn ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di
Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 14 Titre : The red orchestra Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (70 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 94(100)"1939/45" Orchestre Rouge
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : In the mid-1930s, circles of friendship, discussion, and learning formed in Berlin around Arvid Harnack, a senior executive officer in the Reich Ministry of Economics, and his wife Mildred, along with the Reich Ministry of Aviation employee Harro Schulze-Boysen and his wife Libertas. Through personal contacts, a loose network of seven Berlin resistance circles came into being in 1940/41. They united more than 150 opponents of National Socialism from very different social origins and ideological traditions: students, artists, journalists, and civil servants, many of them women.
Their fight against National Socialism took many forms. They discussed political and artistic issues, helped persecuted people, and documented the National Socialists’ crimes of violence. Beyond their private circles, they appealed to the public by distributing leaflets and fly-posting notes. They also made contact with like-minded people in other parts of Germany.
In 1940/41, Harnack and Schulze-Boysen also passed on intelligence of military importance to the Soviet Union. Above all, however, the group intensified its political education work by distributing leaflets and letters.
In the summer of 1942, the Gestapo discovered the resistance organization formed around Harnack and Schulze-Boysen and investigated them under the collective name of “Red Orchestra.” They discredited the resistance group as a Soviet espionage organization, and the members were tried for “treason.” The Reich Court Martial passed the first death sentences at the end of 1942; in total, more than fifty members of the Red Orchestra were murdered.
Biographies
Liane Berkowitz
Cato Bontjes van Beek
Erika Gräfin von Brockdorff
Eva-Maria Buch
Hans Coppi
Hilde Coppi
John Graudenz
Wilhelm Guddorf
Arvid Harnack
Mildred Harnack
Adam Kuckhoff
Greta Kuckhoff
Harro Schulze-Boysen
Libertas Schulze-Boysen
Elisabeth Schumacher
Kurt Schumacher
John Sieg
Maria TerwielEn ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : lien vers le site internet Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di Réservation
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Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 15. The white rose [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (44 p.) : ill. ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories : 378 Enseignement sup. & Universités
929 Scholl Hans (1918-1943)
929 Scholl, Sophie (1921-1943)
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne
94(430)"1939/45" La Rose BlancheIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu : In the early summer of 1942, a group of Munich University students formed around Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell. They sought to evade co-optation by National Socialism and to preserve their intellectual independence. Their numbers included Sophie Scholl, Christoph Probst, and Willi Graf. They were influenced by their professor, Kurt Huber, with whom they discussed fundamental issues of the new political order. In the summer of 1942, the first White Rose leaflets called for resistance against the criminal dictatorship. Two further leaflets followed in the winter of 1942/43.
The students also tried to forge contacts with other cities. A group of pupils in Ulm formed around Hans Hirzel, who had connections to Hans and Sophie Scholl. On February 18, 1943, Hans and Sophie Scholl were arrested while leaving copies of the sixth leaflet around Munich University.
Hans Scholl, his sister Sophie, and Christoph Probst were sentenced to death on February 22, 1943, and murdered that same day. In April 1943, the “People’s Court” sentenced Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, and Kurt Huber to death; other helpers and confidants, including members of the Ulm group, received long prison and penal sentences.
Another group with links to the Munich students through Traute Lafrenz and Hans Leipelt formed in Hamburg in 1942. In the fall of 1943, the Gestapo uncovered the Hamburg group’s activities and imprisoned more than twenty people. In the following years, another ten regime opponents associated with the Munich and Hamburg branches of the White Rose were murdered or driven to death.
Biographies
Willi Graf
Eugen Grimminger
Falk Harnack
Bruno Himpkamp
Kurt Huber
Heinz Kucharski
Traute Lafrenz
Ilse Ledien
Hans Leipelt
Maria Leipelt
Christoph Probst
Alexander Schmorell
Karl Ludwig Schneider
Hans Scholl
Sophie Scholl
Albert Suhr
Hannelore Willbrandt
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di
Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 15 Titre : The white rose Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (44 p.) Présentation : ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 378 Enseignement sup. & Universités
929 Scholl Hans (1918-1943)
929 Scholl, Sophie (1921-1943)
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne
94(430)"1939/45" La Rose BlancheIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu : In the early summer of 1942, a group of Munich University students formed around Hans Scholl and Alexander Schmorell. They sought to evade co-optation by National Socialism and to preserve their intellectual independence. Their numbers included Sophie Scholl, Christoph Probst, and Willi Graf. They were influenced by their professor, Kurt Huber, with whom they discussed fundamental issues of the new political order. In the summer of 1942, the first White Rose leaflets called for resistance against the criminal dictatorship. Two further leaflets followed in the winter of 1942/43.
The students also tried to forge contacts with other cities. A group of pupils in Ulm formed around Hans Hirzel, who had connections to Hans and Sophie Scholl. On February 18, 1943, Hans and Sophie Scholl were arrested while leaving copies of the sixth leaflet around Munich University.
Hans Scholl, his sister Sophie, and Christoph Probst were sentenced to death on February 22, 1943, and murdered that same day. In April 1943, the “People’s Court” sentenced Alexander Schmorell, Willi Graf, and Kurt Huber to death; other helpers and confidants, including members of the Ulm group, received long prison and penal sentences.
Another group with links to the Munich students through Traute Lafrenz and Hans Leipelt formed in Hamburg in 1942. In the fall of 1943, the Gestapo uncovered the Hamburg group’s activities and imprisoned more than twenty people. In the following years, another ten regime opponents associated with the Munich and Hamburg branches of the White Rose were murdered or driven to death.
Biographies
Willi Graf
Eugen Grimminger
Falk Harnack
Bruno Himpkamp
Kurt Huber
Heinz Kucharski
Traute Lafrenz
Ilse Ledien
Hans Leipelt
Maria Leipelt
Christoph Probst
Alexander Schmorell
Karl Ludwig Schneider
Hans Scholl
Sophie Scholl
Albert Suhr
Hannelore Willbrandt
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 51642 LE/RES Livre Bureau Bureau accessible Disponible
Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 16. Exile and resistance [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (28 p.) : couv. ill. en coul. ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories : 314.7 Immigration / Emigration / Diasporas / Exil
321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : From 1933 on, more than half a million Germans fled abroad to escape the National Socialists. Emigration meant not only leaving their homeland, but also beginning a life of uncertainty. Large numbers of the approximately 280,000 German Jews who had to emigrate pinned their hopes on a state of their own in Palestine. Many of the refugees who emigrated for political or other ideological reasons regarded themselves as representatives of an “other, better Germany.” Once in exile, they faced new problems in their host countries, however, resulting from their poverty and uncertain legal status.
The emigrants came from different political, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Many of them formed exile organizations with the aim of informing the world of the situation in Germany and maintaining links with the resistance inside the country.
The centers of political exile were initially Prague and Paris, then London, Stockholm, and Moscow. Paris became a hub for emigrant intellectuals who hoped to strengthen their fight against National Socialism by forming a “people’s front” that included supporters of all political groups and tendencies. More than one fifth of the five thousand Germans who fought on the side of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War fell in battle.
When World War II began, many German anti-Nazis were interned as “enemy aliens” in France, Switzerland, and Britain. After France was occupied in the summer of 1940, many of them ended up in the hands of the National Socialists, and were consigned to extermination camps, imprisoned for many years, or murdered. A large number of emigrants also fought with the Allied troops for Germany’s liberation from National Socialism.
Biographies
Hannah Arendt
Georg Bernhard
Nora Block
Irma Götze
Hans Jahn
Johanna Kirchner
Helmut Kirschey
Theodor Lessing
Hubertus Prinz zu Löwenstein
Thomas Mann
Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte)
Käthe Niederkirchner
Eugenie Nobel
Hermann Remmele
Ernst Reuter
Anna Seghers
Theodor Wolff
Paul Zech
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di
Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 16 Titre : Exile and resistance Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (28 p.) Présentation : couv. ill. en coul. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 314.7 Immigration / Emigration / Diasporas / Exil
321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : From 1933 on, more than half a million Germans fled abroad to escape the National Socialists. Emigration meant not only leaving their homeland, but also beginning a life of uncertainty. Large numbers of the approximately 280,000 German Jews who had to emigrate pinned their hopes on a state of their own in Palestine. Many of the refugees who emigrated for political or other ideological reasons regarded themselves as representatives of an “other, better Germany.” Once in exile, they faced new problems in their host countries, however, resulting from their poverty and uncertain legal status.
The emigrants came from different political, cultural, and religious backgrounds. Many of them formed exile organizations with the aim of informing the world of the situation in Germany and maintaining links with the resistance inside the country.
The centers of political exile were initially Prague and Paris, then London, Stockholm, and Moscow. Paris became a hub for emigrant intellectuals who hoped to strengthen their fight against National Socialism by forming a “people’s front” that included supporters of all political groups and tendencies. More than one fifth of the five thousand Germans who fought on the side of the Republic in the Spanish Civil War fell in battle.
When World War II began, many German anti-Nazis were interned as “enemy aliens” in France, Switzerland, and Britain. After France was occupied in the summer of 1940, many of them ended up in the hands of the National Socialists, and were consigned to extermination camps, imprisoned for many years, or murdered. A large number of emigrants also fought with the Allied troops for Germany’s liberation from National Socialism.
Biographies
Hannah Arendt
Georg Bernhard
Nora Block
Irma Götze
Hans Jahn
Johanna Kirchner
Helmut Kirschey
Theodor Lessing
Hubertus Prinz zu Löwenstein
Thomas Mann
Hilde Meisel (Hilda Monte)
Käthe Niederkirchner
Eugenie Nobel
Hermann Remmele
Ernst Reuter
Anna Seghers
Theodor Wolff
Paul Zech
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 51643 LE/RES Livre Bureau Bureau accessible Disponible
Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.1. Resistance by jews [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (26 p.) : couv. ill.; ill. ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(100)"1939/45" Résistance juive Seconde Guerre mondiale
94(33) Histoire du Peuple juif
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : Anti-Semitism was the central element of National Socialist ideology. For this reason, German Jews resisted the NSDAP even before 1933. The National Socialists called on the population to boycott Jewish businesses on April 1, 1933, and began excluding the Jews from economic life. Confronted by persecution and anti-Semitic propaganda, many of the more than 550,000 German Jews began to see themselves differently. The Jewish Communities, the Jewish Cultural Association, and Jewish sports associations and educational institutions became places of self-assertion and solidarity.
From the mid-1930s on, more and more German Jews deliberately prepared for emigration and life abroad through language courses and vocational training. More than 350,000 Jews were able to escape persecution by leaving Germany. Beginning in October 1941, over 165,000 German Jews were deported to the extermination camps and ghettos in the German-occupied territories in Poland and the Soviet Union. Some 10,000 to 12,000 of them tried to evade this deadly threat by going into hiding and thus resisting the dictatorship. In Germany, some 5,000 of these people survived, over 1,700 of them in Berlin.
Jews took a stand against the National Socialist crimes on many occasions—in Berlin, for instance, through the groups formed around Herbert Baum or the group Chug Chaluzi (Hebrew for “circle of pioneers”). There were escape attempts and uprisings in ghettos and camps, with the largest uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto in April of 1943.
Groups of Jewish resistance activists joined partisan organizations and fought the German occupying troops alongside them. Under very dangerous circumstances, the will for self-assertion thus grew into active armed struggle for their own dignity and against the genocide of the European Jews. The uprisings in the Treblinka, Sobibor, and Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camps were part of this resistance.
Biographies
Werner T. Angress
Leo Baeck
Herbert Baum
Marianne Baum
Cora Berliner
Marianne Cohn
Paul Eppstein
Eva Fleischmann
Martin Gerson
Kurt Julius Goldstein
Eugen Herman-Friede
Hildegard Jadamowitz
Ottilie Pohl
Samson Cioma Schönhaus
Jizchak Schwersenz
Kurt Singer
Marianne Strauß
Edith Wolff
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di
Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.1 Titre : Resistance by jews Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (26 p.) Présentation : couv. ill.; ill. Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(100)"1939/45" Résistance juive Seconde Guerre mondiale
94(33) Histoire du Peuple juif
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance AllemagneIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.Note de contenu : Anti-Semitism was the central element of National Socialist ideology. For this reason, German Jews resisted the NSDAP even before 1933. The National Socialists called on the population to boycott Jewish businesses on April 1, 1933, and began excluding the Jews from economic life. Confronted by persecution and anti-Semitic propaganda, many of the more than 550,000 German Jews began to see themselves differently. The Jewish Communities, the Jewish Cultural Association, and Jewish sports associations and educational institutions became places of self-assertion and solidarity.
From the mid-1930s on, more and more German Jews deliberately prepared for emigration and life abroad through language courses and vocational training. More than 350,000 Jews were able to escape persecution by leaving Germany. Beginning in October 1941, over 165,000 German Jews were deported to the extermination camps and ghettos in the German-occupied territories in Poland and the Soviet Union. Some 10,000 to 12,000 of them tried to evade this deadly threat by going into hiding and thus resisting the dictatorship. In Germany, some 5,000 of these people survived, over 1,700 of them in Berlin.
Jews took a stand against the National Socialist crimes on many occasions—in Berlin, for instance, through the groups formed around Herbert Baum or the group Chug Chaluzi (Hebrew for “circle of pioneers”). There were escape attempts and uprisings in ghettos and camps, with the largest uprising in the Warsaw Ghetto in April of 1943.
Groups of Jewish resistance activists joined partisan organizations and fought the German occupying troops alongside them. Under very dangerous circumstances, the will for self-assertion thus grew into active armed struggle for their own dignity and against the genocide of the European Jews. The uprisings in the Treblinka, Sobibor, and Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camps were part of this resistance.
Biographies
Werner T. Angress
Leo Baeck
Herbert Baum
Marianne Baum
Cora Berliner
Marianne Cohn
Paul Eppstein
Eva Fleischmann
Martin Gerson
Kurt Julius Goldstein
Eugen Herman-Friede
Hildegard Jadamowitz
Ottilie Pohl
Samson Cioma Schönhaus
Jizchak Schwersenz
Kurt Singer
Marianne Strauß
Edith Wolff
En ligne : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Format de la ressource électronique : site éditeur Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di Réservation
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Code-barres Cote Support Localisation Section Disponibilité 51644 LE/RES Livre Bureau Bureau accessible Disponible Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.2. Resistance by sinti and roma
Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.2. Resistance by sinti and roma [texte imprimé] . - German Resistance Memorial Center : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand, 2015 . - 1 vol. (18 p.) ; 24 cm.
Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger)
Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(100)"1933/45":323.26 Résistance dans les Camps Nazis
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne
Tsiganes / Roms / Gitans / Gens du VoyageIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu : In 1933, some 30,000 Sinti and Roma lived in Germany. Most of them were German citizens. For them, National Socialism brought persecution and deprivation of their rights on the basis of “racial” justifications, which they resisted. The “Racial Hygiene Research Unit” had the task of registering all German Sinti and Roma from 1936 on. This step was the prerequisite for their later deportation to concentration and extermination camps.
The Nuremberg race laws of September 1935 also brought a key change in the fate of the Sinti and Roma in Germany. They lost their civil rights; like the Jews, they were banned from marrying people “of German blood” and working in many professions. Collection camps similar to concentration camps were built for Sinti and Roma in a number of German cities. From 1940 on, Sinti and Roma were sent to German-occupied Poland as forced laborers.
Sinti and Roma made many attempts to stand up to the National Socialists’ extermination policy. Escape attempts and help for escapees were key elements of Sinti and Roma self-assertion and resistance. There were also desperate attempts to defend themselves against the mass shootings in the occupied territories. An estimated 500,000 Sinti and Roma fell victim to the genocide across Europe.
On May 16, 1944, the Sinti and Roma in Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp resisted their planned murder. They succeeded in delaying the mass execution by several weeks. In the fight against the German occupying troops, groups of Sinti and Roma joined partisan organizations, particularly in eastern Europe. The center of the armed struggle was Yugoslavia. Sinti and Roma were also active in the French Résistance against National Socialism and the persecution of their minority.
Biographies
Max Friedrich
Berta Georges
Elisabeth Guttenberger
Josef Köhler
Josef „Muscha“ Müller
Anton Rose
Oskar Rose
Vinzenz Rose
Otto Rosenberg
Bernhard Steinbach
Johann „Rukeli” Trollmann
Walter Stanoski Winter
En ligne : site éditeur Format de la ressource électronique : https://www.gdw-berlin.de/en/recess/topics/ Permalink : https://bibliotheque.territoires-memoire.be/pmb/opac_css/index.php?lvl=notice_di
Titre de série : Resistance against National Socialism:exhibition and catalog information, 17.2 Titre : Resistance by sinti and roma Type de document : texte imprimé Editeur : German Resistance Memorial Center Année de publication : 2015 Autre Editeur : Berlin : Gedenkstätte Deutscher Widerstand Importance : 1 vol. (18 p.) Format : 24 cm Langues : Anglais (eng) Langues originales : Allemand (ger) Catégories : 321.6"1933/1945" Nazisme
94(100)"1933/45":323.26 Résistance dans les Camps Nazis
94(430)"1939/45" Résistance Allemagne
Tsiganes / Roms / Gitans / Gens du VoyageIndex. décimale : 940.532 Occupation / Résistance / Collaboration Résumé : Site éditeur
As in the permanent exhibition, the 18 topics provide an in-depth overview of the entire social breadth and ideological diversity of the fight against the National Socialist dictatorship. The focus is on the question of how individuals and groups stood up to the National Socialist dictatorship, what motives and aims they had, and what they planned for the time after National Socialism.
Note de contenu : In 1933, some 30,000 Sinti and Roma lived in Germany. Most of them were German citizens. For them, National Socialism brought persecution and deprivation of their rights on the basis of “racial” justifications, which they resisted. The “Racial Hygiene Research Unit” had the task of registering all German Sinti and Roma from 1936 on. This step was the prerequisite for their later deportation to concentration and extermination camps.
The Nuremberg race laws of September 1935 also brought a key change in the fate of the Sinti and Roma in Germany. They lost their civil rights; like the Jews, they were banned from marrying people “of German blood” and working in many professions. Collection camps similar to concentration camps were built for Sinti and Roma in a number of German cities. From 1940 on, Sinti and Roma were sent to German-occupied Poland as forced laborers.
Sinti and Roma made many attempts to stand up to the National Socialists’ extermination policy. Escape attempts and help for escapees were key elements of Sinti and Roma self-assertion and resistance. There were also desperate attempts to defend themselves against the mass shootings in the occupied territories. An estimated 500,000 Sinti and Roma fell victim to the genocide across Europe.
On May 16, 1944, the Sinti and Roma in Auschwitz-Birkenau extermination camp resisted their planned murder. They succeeded in delaying the mass execution by several weeks. In the fight against the German occupying troops, groups of Sinti and Roma joined partisan organizations, particularly in eastern Europe. The center of the armed struggle was Yugoslavia. Sinti and Roma were also active in the French Résistance against National Socialism and the persecution of their minority.
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